Keys represents the last four years of my life.

For the first time, I was directly responsible for the entirety of a product, from concept through execution. I made mistakes and I learned from them, and ultimately created a product that 30,000+ people used every month, and beat the biggest tech companies to the punch (and patent) on generative AI within a phone's keyboard.

It was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to have a small part in defining how users interact with a brand-new technology, and I'm incredibly grateful for it.

The Keyboard

Two phones, one has Keys Pills open and the other has Keys AutoRespond open
a unique challenge

Space was by far the greatest limiting factor when building Keys.

What is Keys?

In short, it's the first of its kind - placing all the power of generative AI in a keyboard interface in order to allow users to access it wherever they're writing. To provide some structure, we focused on dating apps. They were a perfect combination of high-stakes conversations and clear outcomes, and gave us a clear vertical to pursue and build for.

Pills
Keys keyboard being used on Tinder
Pills

These buttons are the most basic entry into Keys and AI text generation

Long story short, dating apps are busted

Pills were the first ui in Keys and to this day, they are also the most used. According to our surveys, the most difficult part of online dating is starting the conversation. However, due to the sheer quantity of interactions people have on dating apps, the quality of the openers is terrible simply because it's very difficult to put effort into starting a conversation 50 times per day, resulting in a lot of "hey"s.

We found that once two people start talking, they're largely able to keep a conversation going. Also, because online dating conversations tend to follow a pattern, we were able to provide content and help where users needed it most, typically at conversion points such as planning a first date or getting a match's number.

Keys' pills being used on Tinder populating text into the textbox
But why does it look like Apple??

I made the decision to retain Apple's design system because generally, I try to introduce as few new things as possible to users simultaneously. Additionally, I wanted to leverage the goodwill users have with Apple to help them trust our product.

Keys' high-level functions
Features

These are the all the tools available to a Keys user, plus the option on the left to convert to a paid plan.

Keys' categories for pills
Categories

High-level categories that group all the pills, organized (loosely) by intent.

One of Keys' Pills
Keys

These are the bread and butter of the app, and to this day are the most used feature in Keys by a landslide. This version splits the functionality of the key, with the original, human generated phrases in a list on the left and brand-new AI-generated phrases on the right.

What if a user likes something the AI creates?

We implemented a system for "Savorites" (we could never decide whether to call it Saved or Favorites), which allowed the user to like interesting phrases, creating a duplicate of the pill the phrase came from, so that they could access that phrase at any time.

Keys Favorites
AutoRespond
iPhone showing Keys AutoRespond
Autorespond

Someday, our keyboards will look more like this - less writing, more creating and tuning

Reimagining what a keyboard can be

Within a year of working on Keys, I had a thought - what if all the texting you ever wanted to do could be accomplished with one single button? AutoRespond was the first step in that direction, utilizing a very clunky user experience to parse screenshots of conversations and return contextual openers and replies.

Keys AutoRespond being used on Tinder
Keys screenshot selector
Screenshot picker

This little guy opens the native apple image picker. The screenshot flow is a fairly clunky workaround, but without system-level access to the conversation, this was the best way for us to get chat context.

Keys AutoRespond Button and dials
Big button - now with dials ✨

After an initial release of the button by itself, we opted to give users more control of the AI output, allowing them to tune the phrases before they're generated.

Is this the future? No, but it's on the right track

I firmly believe digital keyboards as they exist right now will become secondary to some kind of generative AI solution. That's why we patented this before Google, Apple, and Samsung 😇

☟peep the autorespond flow
Keys AutoRespond tutorial
1
Quick Tutorial

Explaining all of the things we built was more difficult than any other design challenge. Limited space and a convoluted user experience were not our friends.

Keys AutoRespond prior to selecting a screenshot
2
Select screenshot

The AutoRespond panel is completely disabled before a screenshot is selected.

Keys AutoRespond
3
Fiddle with the dials

Forcing the user to choose a screenshot before this step allows us to parse all the text and send it to our server while the user is occupied, making the time to completion feel shorter than it would otherwise.

Keys AutoRespond-generated responses
4
Choose a phrase or run it back

Tapping the arrow to the right of the text bubble sends it to the textbox to be sent as is, or the user can switch back to a regular keyboard and make further edits.

Analysis
iPhone showing Keys AutoRespond
Like autorespond

...but with a little more to say. Keys has the validation you need.

Reimagining what a keyboard can be EVEN HARDER THAN I DID LAST TIME

After seeing how people were using AutoRespond, we began to consider Keys' role in people's lives. We decided to try to lean into being a trusted source of information, something that people could turn to, not just for things to say, but also for validation.

Keys analysis generated about a Tinder conversation
Analyze is basically a juiced-up AutoRespond

We found that many of our users weren't just looking for something to say, they were looking for the RIGHT thing. As we all know, there's almost never one perfect thing to say, but that doesn't mean we couldn't give our users the sense that they're making an informed and intelligent choice. By providing some context around the phrases that we returned to the user, we were able to offer some validation about what they were sending, as well as build a little more trust in Keys as a resource.

Companion App

Two phones, one with the Keys home screen and one with the paywall
Companion app

Where we put all the nitty gritty stuff that doesn't directly pertain to the functionality of the keyboard

Spoiler; this part's going to be boring

Rewrite

Keys home screen
Basic Utilities and things too clunky to put in the keyboard

Including notification status, feedback, conversion to premium, terms and privacy, etc.. For a long time, we included lists of all the content in the keyboard as well as the ability to create, view, and modify custom phrases. Based on usage patterns, we ended up phasing that functionality out.

The share your thoughts UI element
Feedback

We ran this through a google voice number directly to our CEO's cellphone. While we didn't receive much actionable feedback, we were able to stay engaged with users, and were often able to catch bugs and weird use cases we otherwise would have missed.

the text a dating coach UI element
Dating coach

This was one of our premium features that connected users with an actual dating coach! Potentially one of the more useful things we did for people.

☟paywall flow
AutoRespond-generated responses being used in tinder
1
Use a premium feature

By this point the user has already invested time and effort into using AutoRespond: selecting a screenshot and tuning the dials

Keys paywall in the keyboard
2
Paywall :(

Here we hit them with the paywall .5 seconds after rendering their responses so that they know what they want is just behind this wall

Keys paywall
3
Convert in companion app

If they choose LEARN MORE they are taken to the relevant paywall page in the companion app which also highlights the other features of a premium subscription

Paywall strategy

The philosophy behind the placement of the paywall changed several times, with the final result as shown above. At its peak, this flow converted 10% of ALL users of Keys, which I feel very proud of

The website

Laptop showing Keys website homepage

Here's where I talk about the website

The Keys website was primarily a fundraising tool when I first built it. However, I started doing some SEO experiments and found that subjects relating to kink and BDSM had a very high search volume with a very low amount of optimization on other sites. So I started writing about those subjects and hired others to do the same and was able to generate approx. 80,000 unique visits to the site per month. Small potatoes by some standards, but considering I was doing it for free, I was very happy with it.

Aesthetically, the home page is what I wanted Keys to feel like in the long run; clean, sleek, but more than anything, I wanted it to feel like a living thing. I animated the hero video with that in mind, where there's a conversation happening in the foreground and an entity forming and reforming in the background, influencing the conversation.

Peep the full site here ☞
get me out of here
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